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Current situation and challenge of registry in China

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 294-299 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0355-x

摘要：

Increasing emphasis has been placed on registries for an organized system used in developing clinical research to improve health care. China has sufficient data that can be applied broadly, but the heterogeneity and irregularity of registries limit their applicability. This article aims to describe the status of registries in China and the related challenges. Patient registries for observational studies were retrieved from the International Clinical Trials Registry to quantitatively evaluate the number of comparatively high-quality registries in China. A literature search was also performed to provide support and updates. A total of 64 patient registries were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov using disease, product, and health service as criteria. The sample sizes ranged from 15 to 30 400, with only 12 registries marked as completed. This article describes and compares the detailed information in many aspects. The efficient use of registries has already made considerable progress in China; however, registries still require standardization, high-quality transition, and coordinated development.

关键词： observational study Chinese registry study patient registries

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Atypical manifestations of acute coronary syndrome — throat discomfort: a multi-center observationalstudy

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 651-658 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0859-0

摘要： To present the clinical characteristics and the misdiagnosis rate of acute coronary syndrome manifested primarily as throat discomfort, we conducted a multicentric and retrospective study in the cardiology and otorhinolaryngology departments. Records of patients with primary complaint of throat discomfort, absence of chest pain at onset, and an ultimate diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, as well as patients with pharyngitis (as controls) were collected from May 2015 to April 2016. The patients’ main manifestations were compared. Logistic regression results showed that chest tightness, dyspnea, perspiring, and exertional throat symptoms were significantly associated with acute coronary syndrome, with odds ratios of 8.3 (95% CI 2.2−31.5), 10.9 (95% CI 1.8−66.9), 25.4 (95% CI 3.6−179.9), and 81.2 (95% CI 13.0−506.7). A total of 25 (56.82%) out of 44 acute coronary syndrome patients, who were first admitted to the otorhinolaryngology department, were misdiagnosed, with a 12% (3/25) mortality rate. Throat discomfort can be the principal manifestation of acute coronary syndrome. Such patients exhibit high misdiagnosis and mortality rates. Exertional throat symptoms, chest tightness, perspiring, and dyspnea were important indicators of acute coronary syndrome in patients whose main complaint was throat discomfort. The awareness of this condition will result in prompt diagnosis and reduce morbidity and mortality.

关键词： acute coronary syndrome (ACS) throat discomfort (TD) throat pain cardiology departments non-cardiologic physicians

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An 84-month observational study of the changes in CD4 T-lymphocyte cell count of 110 HIV/AIDS patients

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 362-367 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0363-x

摘要：

This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) by observing the changes in CD4 T-lymphocyte cell count of 110 cases with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) treated continuously with TCM for 84 months. Information of 110 HIV/AIDS patients from 19 provinces and cities treated with TCM from 2004 to 2013 was collected. Changes in the indexes of CD4 counts (≤200, 201–350, 351–500 and>500 cells/mm³) at five time points (0, 12, 36, 60 and 84 months) and different treatments [TCM and TCM plus antiretroviral therapy (ART)] were compared. Repeated measures test indicated no interaction between group and time (P>0.05). Degrees of increasing and decreasing CD4 count of the two groups at four different frames were statistically significant compared with the baseline. The CD4 count between the two groups was not statistically significant. For CD4 count of≤200 cells/mm³, the mean CD4 count changes were 21 and 28 cells/mm³ per year for the TCM group and TCM plus ART group, respectively. For CD4 count of 201–350 cells/mm³, the mean CD4 count changes were 6 and 25 cells/mm³ per year for the TCM group and TCM plus ART group, respectively. For CD4 count of 351–500 cells/mm³, the mean CD4 count changes were -13 and -7 cells/mm³ per year for the TCM group and TCM plus ART group, respectively. For CD4 count of>500 cells/mm³, the mean CD4 count changes were -34 and -17 cells/mm³ per year for the TCM group and TCM plus ART group, respectively. Long-term use of TCM could maintain or slow the pace of declining CD4 counts in patients with HIV/AIDS, and may achieve lasting effectiveness.

关键词： AIDS HIV CD4 traditional Chinese medicine linear models

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大型地下洞室群开挖的施工预测解析与信息化管理

汪易森,刘斯宏

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第3期页码 35-40

摘要：

介绍了天荒坪抽水蓄能电站地下厂房洞室群施工预测解析与信息化施工管理的工程实例。工程开工后完全模拟洞室的开挖实况，进行了三维弹塑性有限元计算分析，预测了洞室开挖过程中围岩应力、位移和屈服范围的变化规律。根据计算结果及施工现场的观测结果，及时修正调整了施工期的支护参数，确保了工程的顺利完成。

关键词：地下洞室群施工预测解析信息化施工管理支护设计

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大气探测系统设计和工程建设

郑国光

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第6期页码 21-26

摘要：

文章分析了我国大气探测业务现状和大气探测技术发展趋势，阐述了我国大气探测系统设计和工程建设的基本思路和目标，介绍了即将开始建设的国家大中型建设项目——大气监测自动化系统的总体结构和建设的主要内容。文章也是对大气科学的工程化建设一文^[1]的进一步阐述。

关键词：大气探测监测自动化工程设计与建设

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新冠病毒肺炎肺部超声的特点及其在病情评估中的价值——一项回顾性观察研究 Article

朱凤雪, 赵秀娟, 王天兵, 王振洲, 郭辅政, 薛海岩, 常盼盼, 梁汉生, 倪文涛, 王雅心, 陈雷, 姜保国

《工程（英文）》 2021年第7卷第3期页码 367-375 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.09.007

摘要：

肺部超声（lung ultrasound, LUS）在新冠病毒肺炎（简称新冠肺炎）病情严重程度评估中的价值不明确。本研究旨在探讨新冠肺炎的LUS影像学特征，并分析LUS征象与新冠肺炎疾病严重程度的关系。本研究为在同济医院进行的一项回顾性观察研究，连续入选48例新冠肺炎患者，并将其分为32例非危重患者和16例危重患者。出现症状后0~7 d、8~14 d和15~21 d进行LUS检查并记录ROX（respiratory rate oxygenation）指数、疾病严重程度和CURB-65评分。根据LUS检查方案，将肺部分为12个区域，计算LUS评分（0~36分）。出现症状后0~7 d评估胸部计算机断层扫描（computed tomography, CT）评分（0~20分）。观察LUS评分与CURB-65和ROX指数的相关性。通过LUS发现新冠肺炎患者38例。新冠肺炎的LUS征象包括B线（34/38, 89.5%）、实变（6/38,15.8%）和胸腔积液（2/38, 5.3%）。多发病变（32/38, 84.2%）和双肺病变（28/38, 73.7%）较多。与非危重患者相比，危重患者的LUS评分更高[12 (10~18) vs 2 (0~5), p < 0.001]。LUS评分与出现症状后0~7 d（r = −0.85, p < 0.001）、8~14 d（r = −0.71, p < 0.001）和15~21 d（r = −0.76, p < 0.001）的ROX指数负相关。LUS评分与CT评分为正相关（r = 0.82，p < 0.001）。从出现症状后0~7 d到17~21 d，通过LUS发现肺部病变的病例数从27例（81.8%）减少至20例（46.5%），LUS评分从4 (2~10)分明显降至0 (0~5) 分（p < 0.001）。因此，LUS在新冠肺炎患者中能简便、实时、安全地检测肺部病变，LUS有助于在危重患者中评估新冠肺炎的严重程度。

关键词：新冠病毒肺炎肺部超声肺炎

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西南涡大气科学试验的观测布局理论与实践

李跃清,徐祥德,赵兴炳

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第9期页码 35-45

摘要：

我国是气象灾害十分严重的国家。西南涡是一个非常重要的灾害性天气系统，与我国夏半年的暴雨洪涝灾害密切相关，对国民经济、社会发展和人民生命财产安全都有着严重的影响。基于西南涡理论研究与科学试验现状，阐述了西南涡大气科学试验的观测基础对西南涡基本信息、理论研究和业务预报的重要意义。从站点分布、设备技术、观测要素等方面，提出了西南涡大气科学试验观测布局的设计思想与技术原则。在此基础上，系统设计了西南涡大气科学试验的观测布局工程，并于2010年、2011年开展了两次西南涡大气科学试验，检验了观测布局设计思想的正确性，推动了西南涡研究与业务的进展。最后，从西南涡大气科学试验的需求、现状和效果，进一步指出了加强其观测布局理论研究和具体实践，对我国经济发展、防灾减灾的重要意义。

关键词：西南涡科学试验观测基础布局技术

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青藏高原多圈层相互作用观测工程及其应用

马耀明

《中国工程科学》 2012年第14卷第9期页码 28-34

摘要：

青藏高原作为地球的第三极，是“水—冰—气—生”多圈层体现最全，且相互作用最强烈的地区。高原强大的动力和热力作用显著地影响着东亚气候格局、亚洲季风进程和北半球大气环流。全球气候变化不仅影响到青藏高原本身的水圈与冰冻圈过程，改变青藏高原内部的生态系统与环境，影响该地区社会经济发展与人民生存条件，而且通过大气环流与水循环过程直接影响到东亚及周边国家的用水安全和自然灾害防护。正确认识青藏高原复杂地表多圈层相互作用规律的一条有效途径是在各种不同的下垫面上建立多圈层相互作用综合观测站（点）。在中国科学院和国家相关部门的支持下，过去的7年中，中国科学院青藏高原研究所与其他相关单位一道正在整个青藏高原面上逐步建立“青藏高原观测研究平台”以研究该地区复杂地表的多圈层相互作用规律。首先具体介绍中国科学院青藏高原研究所在高原上已经建立的5个综合观测研究站，然后介绍利用各个站点观测资料分析得到的多圈层相互作用（主要是地气相互作用）的研究结果，最后提出了青藏高原多圈层相互作用观测试验研究所面临的难题和可能的解决办法。

关键词：青藏高原多圈层相互作用过程观测结果

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Scale study of sites and pavilions for World Expo 2010

ZHOU Zhuoyan, CHEN Yi

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 102-106 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0012-z

摘要： The scale of sites and pavilions for World Expo 2010 (Shanghai World Expo) mainly refers to the study of their size including the area and number of exhibition hall needed in each pavilion and site with appropriate waiting area. All the design data of scale studied should reasonably meet the requirements during World Expo 2010 to accommodate large number of people for visiting and waiting to the full.

关键词： pavilion study number appropriate design

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Practicality study on air-powered vehicle

LIU Lin, YU Xiaoli

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 14-19 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0004-7

摘要： To investigate the feasibility and outlook of air-powered vehicles including compressed air-powered vehicle and liquid nitrogen-powered vehicle, thermodynamic analysis and experiment data were used to analyze the energy density, performance, safety, running efficiency, fuel circulation economy and consumer acceptance, etc. The results show that compressed air and liquid nitrogen have similar energy density as Ni-H battery; the characteristics of an air-powered engine is suitable for driving a vehicle; the circulation efficiency of liquid nitrogen is 3.6%–14% and that of compressed air is 25%–32.3% in practice, and existing technology can assure its safety. It is concluded that though the performance of an air-powered engine is inferior to that of the traditional inert combustion engine, an air-powered vehicle is fit for future green cars to realize the sustainable development of society and environment.

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Experimental study on shear behavior of prestressed reactive powder concrete I-girders

Hui ZHENG, Zhi FANG, Bin CHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第3期页码 618-627 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0500-8

摘要： As a new generation of concrete, RPC(Reactive Powder Concrete) has attracted great research attention for its ultra-high strength and high durability. In the present paper, experimental results from tests on eight prestressed RPC I-section girders failing in shear are reported herein. The beams with RPC of 120 MPa in compression were designed to assess the ability to carry shear stress in thin webbed prestressed beams with stirrups. The test variables were the level of prestressing, shear span-depth ratio ( / ) and stirrup ratio. Shear deformation, shear capacity and crack pattern were experimentally investigated in detail. With regard to the shear resistance of the test beams, the predictions from three standards (AFGC, JSCE and SIA) on the design of UHPC structures were compared with the experimental result suggesting that the experimental strength is almost always higher than predicted. RPC, as a new concrete, was different from normal concrete and fiber reinforced concrete. Further study should be needed to develop an analytical method and computation model for shear strength of RPC beams.

关键词： prestressed concrete RPC(Reactive Powder Concrete) concrete beams shear strength experimental study

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A feasibility study of the measuring accuracy and capability of wireless sensor networks in tunnel monitoring

Xiaojun LI, Zhong JI, Hehua ZHU, Chen GU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 111-120 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0150-1

摘要： Fire disasters and the deterioration of tunnel structures are major concerns for tunnel operation and maintenance. Traditional wired monitoring systems have many drawbacks in terms of installation time, overall cost, and flexibility in tunnel environments. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for the monitoring of various structural monitoring applications. This paper evaluated the feasibility of applying a WSN in the monitoring of tunnels. The monitoring requirements of tunnels under explosion and combustion fire scenarios are analyzed using numerical simulation, and the maximum possible distance for temperature sensors is derived. The displacement monitoring of tunnels using an inclinometer is investigated. It is recommended that the inclinometer should be installed in the 1/4 span of the tunnel structure. The maximum wireless transmission distances in both outdoor and tunnel environments were examined. The influences of surface materials and sensor node locations on the data transmission distance in tunnel environments were also investigated. The experimental results show that the data loss in tunnel environments is approximately three times that in outdoor environments. Surface material has a considerable influence on the transmission distance of radio signals. The distance is 25 ? 28 m for a raw concrete surface, 20 m for a brick surface, and 36 m for a terrazzo surface. The transmission distances along the middle of quarter points are approximately 0.9 ( is the transmission distance in the center of the tunnel), and the relative error is less than±3%. The transmission distances at different locations along the bottom exhibit significant differences, decreasing from the middle to the corner point, with distances of approximately 0.8 at the quarter points and minimum distances of approximately 0.55 at the corner points.

关键词： wireless sensor network (WSN) tunnel monitoring feasibility study

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魏明杰：聚酰胺反渗透膜渗透机制的分子模拟研究（2022年4月16日）

2022年06月09日

关键词：绿色化工

Antimicrobial activity of topical agents against Propionibacterium acnes: an in vitro study of clinical

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 517-521 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0480-9

摘要：

This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial activities of topical agents against Propionibacterium acnes isolated from patients admitted to a hospital in Shanghai, China. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of the cultured P. acnes were determined in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Susceptibilities to clindamycin and erythromycin were compared in terms of gender, age, disease duration, previous treatment, and disease severity. A total of 69 P. acnes strains were isolated from 98 patients (70.41%). The susceptibility to triple antibiotic ointment (neomycin/bacitracin/polymyxin B) and bacitracin was 100%. The susceptibility to fusidic acid was 92.7%. The resistance rates to neomycin sulfate, erythromycin, and clindamycin were 11.7%, 49.3%, and 33.4%, respectively. The high resistance rate to clindamycin and erythromycin was significantly affected by gender, previous treatment, and disease severity rather than by age and disease duration. Topical antibiotics should not be used separately for long-term therapy to avoid multiresistance. The use of topical antibiotics should be determined by clinicians on the basis of clinical conditions.

关键词： antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance Propionibacterium acnes topical antibiotics in vitro study

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Genetic study and molecular breeding for high phosphorus use efficiency in maize

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《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第4期页码 366-379 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019278

摘要：

Phosphorus is the second most important macronutrient after nitrogen and it has many vital functions in the life of plants. Most soils have a low available P content, which has become a key limiting factor for increasing crop production. Also, low P use efficiency (PUE) of crops in conjunction with excessive application of P fertilizers has resulted in serious environmental problems. Thus, dissecting the genetic architecture of crop PUE, mining related quantitative trait loci (QTL) and using molecular breeding methods to improve high PUE germplasm are of great significance and serve as an efficient approach for the development of sustainable agriculture. In this review, molecular and phenotypic characteristics of maize inbred lines with high PUE, related QTL and genes as well as low-P responses are summarized. Based on this, a breeding strategy applying genomic selection as the core, and integrating the existing genetic information and molecular breeding techniques is proposed for breeding high PUE maize inbred lines and hybrids.

关键词： maize phosphorus use efficiency quantitative trait loci genetic study molecular breeding genomic selection